Internal-combustion engine



Sept. 29, 1925. 1,555,421

P. LORANGE ET AL INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 23, 1921 Mam/07s; I 44k 1 fl'os aerl [018F118 d kdvy entry ($124,, 144W waxy 1 1,555,421 UNITED STALTESH PATENT, QFHCE, A v

PBOSPER IoORANGE, ,OF HANNHEIM-FBEUDENHEIJH, AND LUDW'IG- GENTZEN, OF

SECKENHEII, NEAR MANNHEII, REPUBLIC OI GERMANY.

m'riamu ncontinuation ENGINE. Application filed August as, 1921. Serial No. 494,524.

To all whom it may concern: and to the explosion chamber 11 of the cylin- Be it known that we, PROSPER LORANGE der.' 1 i and LUDWIdGENTZEN, both citizens of Ger- Within the reduced portion In and. the many, and residing at Mannheim-Freudenbore ka vaporizer in the form of a tubul r 5 heim, and Seckenheim, near Mannheim, member having a solid bottom is fitte il, Germany, respectively, have invented cerwhich member consists of an externally tain new and useful Improvements in Inscrew-threaded portion Z screwed into the 'ternal-Combustion Engines, of which the bore k and an outwardly flaring upper. orfollowing is a specification. tion p fitted in the reduced portion In 1 Our invention relates to improvements in formed with a flange mbearing on the 65 internal combustion engines, and more parinner wall of the cylinder head and smaller ticularly in engines of the type in which the in diameter than the reduced portion h. air for supporting combustion is compressed The bottom of the, portion Z is provided to such a degree that its temperature rises with passages n through which communica- I 1 to the point at which the fuel is ignited, and tion -is established between the ignition in which an ignition chamber is provided chamber e and the combustion chamber 11. in connectioir with the cylinder having a The upper portion of the vaporizer is in member for vaporizing the fuel supplied the form of a funnel o, and it has a close thereto. One of the objects of the improvefit with its upper part 1) within the rements is to provide an engine of this type duced portion h, and its up er or front face 75 in which the vaporizing member is not su is flush with the bottom of the chamber e. ject to rapid destruction by heat. Another By reason of the conical form of the ortion object of the improvements is to rovide an 3) an insulating chamber 9 is provi ed beengine in'which the vaporizing e ect of the tween the portion 1) and the wall of the vaporizer can readily be adapted to the rereduced portion h. As shown, the vaporquirements of the fuel supplied to the enizing member p, l is in the form of a bushgine, so that complete vaporization of the ing fitted in the cylinder head. fuel is insured and destruction of the vapor- The operation of the vaporizer is as folii izer by excessive heat is avoided. Finally lows: Upon the compression stroke of the an object of the improvements is to conplunger 6 the air for supporting combustion 85 struct the vaporizer relativcy to the fuel .is ompressed to 40 atmospheres, so. that its nozz-e in such a manner that all the fuel temperature is sufficient to ignite the fuel. impinges on the vaporizer proper. 3With Apart of the compressed air is forced into these objects in view our invention consists the ignition chamber 6 and the vaporizer I in the matters to be described hereinafter through thepassages n. Near the end of 90 and particularly pointed out in the apthe compression stroke liquid fuel is thrown pended claims. through the nozzle 9 into the ignition cham- For the purpose of explaining the i'nvenher and on the inner funnelsha ed surface tion a preferred embodiment, thereof has '0 of the vaporizer. The jets 0 air forced 40 been illustrated in the accompanfyingdrawinto the ignition chamber 0 ,through the ing showing a vertical section 0' the upper narrow passages 1:. meet the liquid fuel'propart ofthe cylinder and its head. jectedin the opposite direction,- so that the In the example shown in the figure our l i a omized thorough1y. improved engine comprises a cylinder 115a. The temperature of the vaporizer is sutfiplunger b, and a head a formed with-a eool- ,cient to insure immediate and complete va- 9 ing jacket (Z, as .is well-known in the art. porization'of the fuel, and the vaporized The head 0 is formed with an axial chamber fuel -is immediately ignited, because the a closed by a lid f and providing an ignition temperature of the compressed air is a v chamber, and the lid f has-fitted therein a the ig i i n temperature of the fuel. Fromnozzle 9 for -fuel -The thelgmtlon chamber the gases flow chamber 6 is formed with a reduced portion l gh he p ssages n and nto the com-. and .an axial internally screw-threaded bustlon chamber of the cylinder a, where the bore k the diameter of which is smaller'than g Q V p r of fuel are further mixed that of the reduced portion h, and which with air and ignition is continued.

t d th h th i n r w ll of the head important feature of our invention resides in the fact that the burnt gases come in contact only the vaporizer p, Z. They can not reach to the outside thereof because the screw-threaded part Z and the upper flange 17 have a close fit within thecylinder head and the end faces of the parts 3) and Z lie flush respectively with the bottom of the ignition chamber and the inner face of the cylinder head 03. Thereby excessive heating of the vaporizer is prevented and a long life thereof is insured.

The insulating chamber 9 provides suitable means for adapting the temperature of the vaporizer to the character of the fuel, so that immediate and complete vaporization is insured and excessive heating of the vaporizer is avoided. lVithin the said chamber there is a stagnant mass of 'air providing effective insulation. By providing va orizers which, other dimensions being aliie, have flanges p of difierent lengths the contact between the vaporizer and the water-cooled cylinder head can be nicely varied, so that exactly so much heat is withdrawn from the vaporizer, as is necessary to keep the same at the desired temperature. Weprefer to supply with each engine a set of Vaporizers having flanges p? of different dimensions, so that the engineer can select the pro er vaporizer according to the character o the fuel, the number of the revolutions, etc. for obtaining the best operation. We have found that in engines running at high speeds and with less heavy fuel, the natural clearance between the vaporizer and the cylinder head provides sufiicient insulation without filling the chamber 9 with any additional insulating-material.

By constructing the portion 0 internally I in the form of a funnel, all the fuel thrown into the-ignition chamber through the nozzle g impinges on the vaporizer and not on the wall of the chamber e the temperature of which can not be regulated.

We claim:

1. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder havinga working chamer, a cylinder head formed with an ignition chamber, a tubular vaporizer interposed between said chambers and having an interior surface flaring toward said ignition chamber, said vaporizer being provided with narrow passages by which it communicates with the inner surface of with the working chamber, and being in pe ripheral contact with the surrounding walls adjacent to its ends, but out of contact therewith at its intermediate portion so as to form a dead space around such intermediate portion of the tubular vaporizer, and an axially-directed nozzle for throwing a jet of liquid fuel against said flaring interior surface at the entrance end of the vaporizer.

2. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a working chamber, a cylinder head formed with an ignition chamber, a vaporizer interposed between said chambers and having the peripheral surfaces of both of its ends in tight engagement with the surrounding walls, said vaporizer forming a separateremovable element the ends of which thus have tight joints with the surrounding walls, the intervening portion of the vaporizer having its outer surface out of contact with said surrounding walls, and the portion of said walls which surrounds such intervening portion of the vaporizer being imperforate, so that a closed annular chamber is formed around such intervening portion of the vaporizer, and an axially-directed nozzle for injecting fuel into said ignition chamber and against the inner surface of the vaporizer.

3. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a working chamber, a cylinder head formed with an ignition chamber, a vaporizer interposed between said chambers and communicating with both of them, said vaporizer constituting a separate. removable element having an inner surface flaring toward the ignition chamber at that end of the vaporizer which communicates with said ignition chamber,

said end of the vaporizer being fitted into, 

